Islam

Prophet Muhammad

• Ibrahim ( Abraham ) -

  • Despite what all the other Arabs believe ( polytheism )

  • Visited by angels, who tell him There is only one god

  • Wife ( Sarah ) - Picked up a Egyptian slave named Hagar

  • Ibrahim and Hagar have a baby together

  • Isaac - Son of Sarah

    • Beginning of Hebrews

  • Ishmael - Son of Ibrahim and Hagar

    • Beginning of Islamic People

    • Prophet of Islam

  • Sends Ishmael and Hagar into the Deserts of Arabia

    • Kicked out by Sarah

    • Ibrahim sends them away with Water and Food

    • They run out of food and water

    • Hagar cannot see her child dying so she abandons him

    • Angels go to Hagar, and send them to Mecca

  • Ibrahim comes to Mecca and improves the Kaaba

  • Kaaba - Mosque built in Mecca

    • Inside a Black Stone ( possibly a meteorite )

    • Built by Angels

  • Hundreds of Years

• 570 - 632 AD | Muhammad

  • Born in Mecca into the Quraysh

  • Kadijah - Marries Muhammad

  • Goes into Desert and is visited by Muhammad

    • Starts to reveal the parts of the Qur'an

    • Insists that Muhammad preaches the info to the people of Islam

  • Ali - Cousin of Muhammad

  • People of Mecca are not happy that Muhammad says that there is only one god

  • Kicked out of Mecca and travels to Medina

  • For 20 years god continues to reveal the truths to Muhammad and he writes them down into what is now the Qur'an

  • The Qur'an is dictated by god and written by Muhammed in Arabic

  • Builds the very first Mosque in Medina

  • Muhammed conquers Mecca, and by his death he has conquered the majority of the Arabian Peninsula

  • He cleanses the Kaaba of false idols

Islam

• Qur'an is the word of god

• Sunna - written conclusion of Arab oral traditions concerning life of Muhammad

  • Hadiths - The words of Muhammad to God

  • The Sunna contains the Hadiths along with Actions

• Sharia - Islamic Law

  • Three sources - Qur'an, Sunna and Ijtihad - analytic reasoning to cover locally raised issues

• Whomever follows Muhammad is called the Khalif

  • A religious leader

  • The First one is Abu Bakr

  • The fourth is Ali ( Muhammad's friend )

  • The land that the Khalif will have is a Caliphate

    • The First: Arabia

    • The Last: Ottoman Empire

• Upon Ali's death that was the end of the first Caliphate

• The Second Caliphate believe that the Khalif should be a blood relative

• Ayatollah - Spiritual Leader of the Shia Muslims

• When Persia is taken over by the Islamic Empire they do not become Arab

  • Iran speaks Farsi

  • They are not Arab

• To be Muslim -

  • Claim that "There is no God, but Allah[God]"

• 5 Pillars -

  • Shahadah - Believe truly in the religion

  • Salat - Performing 5 Prayers a day

  • Zakat - Paying tax/charity to the poor

  • Sawm - Fasting during the month of Ramadan ( which can come at any point in the year )

  • Hajj - Pilgrimage to Mecca

Sharia Law

• Based upon the Qur'an, and the Hadiths

• Criminal Matters

  • Adultery - stoning

  • Robbery - execution

  • Theft - amputation

  • Slander - lashing

  • Intoxication - lashing

  • Murder and injury - retaliation by victims relatives

• Ayatollah ( Khomeini )

  • The Supreme ruler of all the Shia Muslims

  • During the Second Revolution he was in Paris

  • Religious leader of the Shi'ites

• Mohammad Mossadeq

  • Prime Minister - Democratically elected ruler

  • Extremely popular

  • Overthrown by American CIA because he wanted to nationalize the oil fields

• Shah Mohammad Pahlavi

  • Supported by the US after WWII

  • Westernized Iran

    • Made HUGE leaps in education

    • Created opportunities for women

  • Had secret police

  • Did not embrace Islam

  • 1979 | The revolution

    • The students despise the Shah

    • The reason for protest was due to lack of jobs