Empire

Control

• Kingdom of Egypt - First to Control

• Hittite

• Kingdom of Israel - Hebrews went to Canaan ( Promised Land ) / Israel

• Assyrian Empire -

• Babylonian Empire

• Persian Empire - First Giant Empire

• Macedonian Empire - Alexander the Great's army

• Roman Empire - Only North Africa to Asia Minor

• Byzantine Empire - First Christian Empire in Middle East

• Sassanid Empire

• The Caliphate - controlled by the successor of the prophets

• Seljuk Empire

• Crusader Kingdoms -

  • Abraham was supposed to behead Isaac or Ishmael

  • The First Crusade was launched because Christian Missionaries going to Jerusalem were killed or tortured

    • Secondary reason was to get the land for Medieval Kingdoms

    • Another reason was that fighting in the Crusade was you were forgiven of all sins

  • The Fourth Crusaders ransacked the Christian city of Constantinople, and returned home, since the Crusaders were upset about going.

  • The Europeans were horrible to the Middle Easterners

• Saladin's Empire - Seljuk-Turks

• Mongol Empire - Lead by Genghis Khan

  • Mongols appropriated the cultures they took over

• Ottoman Empire - Weren't Arabic, they are Central Asian

  • Ottomans were Turkish, but took the title of Sultan and Caliph

  • Settle in Anatolia ( Modern Day Turkey )

  • They let the areas they take over keep everything, so long as they agree to pay their taxes, and give them your first born son to join the Janissary Corp.

  • Ottomans want to Modernize, and so they need to take a loan, so they look to the French and British

    • They make sure they are in charge of education, money, taxes, etc.

    • When countries don't pay the Sultans let them be, and have become modernized

  • The Balkans, Austrians, and Russians start to take parts of the Ottoman Empire

  • A Group of people called Armenians refuse to return to the Ottoman Empire

  • Under the cover of WWI, 1.5 million Armenians are massacred by the Turkey

• European Colonialism

The Golden Age

• Centered in Iraq, where they spoke Farsi ( Persia )

• Inventions

  • Encyclopedia of Surgery - Used for 500 years throughout Europe

  • Coffee

  • First Degree giving University - Fez, Morocco

  • Algebra

  • Optics - Realized that all Eye does is reflect the light

  • Lute

  • Violin

  • Toothbrush

  • Crank

  • Hospitals - Free Healthcare

World War One

• Lawrence of Arabia - Goes into Arabs in Arabia and proposes that if they help out the British and French, and take down the Ottoman Empire, that they will get Lebanon, Syria, Palestine, etc.

• Balfour Declaration - Promises the Jews that if they help during WWI that they can leave and live in Palestine

• Colonialism - The British wants the Suez Canal, to reach India, they don't give any of the lands to the people they promised to Arabs, and Jews

• Turkey becomes independent, but significantly smaller

  • Turkey starts to Westernize

  • Turkey becomes Secularized and Democratic Government

• Persia gets independence from Europe, and renames themselves to the Iranians

  • They love the US, and US had amazing relations with Iran

• The Arabian Peninsula becomes Independent

Post World War Two

• The Shah of Iran gets overthrown by the Ayatollah Khomeini

  • The Soviets ally with Iran

• The US becomes allies with Iraq

• The Middle East becomes a region of contest between the US and Russia