Europe barely touched Africa
Europe only colonized the edges along with a few small regions in the inside
Most Europeans only colonized portions of Africa to get to India, and re-establish trade routes of the Ottoman-Turk Empire.
Post-1880:
Quinine - Helps prevent malaria, Europeans drink it to move into Africa
Machine Guns - The creation of the Maxim Machine Gun allowed the Europeans to kill large amounts of people rather than muskets.
European countries arbitrarily divided based on power of military
The warring tribes were now grouped together allowing them to war easier causing issues.
Liberia not colonized due to America purchasing it to send back slaves
Ethiopia not colonized due to them having mountains and guns.
Battle of Omdurman ( 1898 ) - Sudanese Casualties: 14k, British Casualties: 47
Motives:
Economic
Purpose of a colony is to send resources back to the mother countries
Colonies can't manufacture goods, but must send raw materials
Exploration
Europeans were fascinated with the Interior of Africa
Dr. Livingstone - Missionary and Doctor
Set out to find the source of the Nile, and reports it back to Britain
Henry Stanley goes searching for Livingstone and finds him with a tribe of Africans.
Social Darwinism
Missionaries
Went to Africa because they thought that the people in the continent would go to hell since they aren't Christian.
When people first got to Africa, they saw people that were far less developed they thought they HAD To help since the people were DEFINITELY not able to govern themselves.
They thought that White men were Burdened to help them due to their superiority.
Jingoism
They don't want to fight, but if they did the countries would be able to decimate the people.
Based on the idea that your country is better than the others.
"Because you can" idea.
Military Bases
Thought that British only wanted Africa for getting to India.
Military bases to help the countries that owned them control the areas.
Berlin Conference
No European countries can attack each other upon the idea of Imperialism
The countries can expand so long as there was no other Eu country already colonizing the area.
South Africa
British Imperialism.
Dutch has major needs, but their country is very is small
They don't have enough land
They meet the tribespeople, who are very kind and nice.
The Dutch take them over and settle in the Cape Town, on the Cape of Good Hope
People who lived there called themselves Dutch-Bowers and come up with language of Afrikaans.
They separate themselves from Netherlands, and so the Dutch lose it as a colony.
The British take it over and they abolish slaves so the Bowers are forced to move northwards.
The Bowers go north and find Diamonds and Gold, and the British people wanted it so they fought a war that ended with the British taking it over.
The majority of the government was Bower though which meant they started an Apartheid.
It states that the Africans cannot do many things and are separated from the 10% of the White Africans, compared to the 90% that are black.
King Leopold-
He was greedy and cruel
He got all the major world powers to ratify the sovereignty of Leopold to control the area of tbe Congo
10 million Congolese people were killed over 20 years.