Reformation
Reformation
- Paul the First:
- Catherine's son
- created a law to prevent women from ruling again
- Reversed Catherine's policies at random
- Started to become erratic and terrible
- Alexander the First:
- Alexander started to diminish
- Napoleon Bonaparte:
- Tried to advanced into Russia
- Managed to get to Moscow
- His troops were ill equipped
- Winter arrived, but the Russians burned down Moscow, and its supplies
- His troops started to become weak
- The Russians managed to destroy a majority of Napoleon's army as they tried to retreat
- Nicholas the First ( Nicholas the Great ):
- People wanted revolution and demanded a constitution
- During his coronation the rebels demanded the he step down
- He turned his cannons and managed to dissipate the rebels in less than 2 hours
- He secures the Romanov dynasty's line again
- Russians lose to the Crimeans
- Alexander the Second:
- The Industrial Revolution starts in Western and Central Europe
- Pardoned the rebels
- Liberates the Serfs
- Boosts Industry
- Sets up a jury based trial
- Emancipation Manifesto:
- Sets the serfs free
- promises the serfs rights
- Peasants could not afford land by themselves
- They band together and buy land together in a "Mir"
- They are equivalent to Communes
- No one is allowed to leave the Mir since labor would be lost
- Agricultural Industry collapsed
- The economy was on the brink of collapse
- Radicals are attracted to dethroning him
- Sophia Perovskaya:
- A child of privilege
- Led the socialist revolution
- Assassinated Alexander
- Believed in Anarchy
- Alexander the Third:
- Turned against reform
- Returned to Repression
- Does not cancel serfdom
- Has a secret police ( arrests people opposing him )
- Russification:
- Suppress culture of non Russians
- Many cultures are part of Russia since Russia conquered
- Makes people speak Russian, worship the Russian Orthodox Church, etc.
- Getting rid of other cultures
- Persecuted Russian Jews
- Pogroms - violent mobs attacks on Jews
- Many Jews fled Russia as refugees
- Industrializes Russia:
- Railroads
- Foreign capital invested industry
- Uses the west to catch up to the west
- Marxism starts to appeal to workers
- Workers faced long hours, low pay, poverty, disease, and poor housing
- Plot to kill Czar ( Lenin's Brother )
- Nicholas the Second:
- Unprepared to be a Czar
- Did not know how to lead
- Loved to film, so there is large amounts of video evidence
- Married a German Princess
- Extremely Shy
- Disinterested at the plight of the Russia
- Alexandra was her Russian Name
- Russia's Working Class
- Extremely Poor
- Lenin spreads Marxist propaganda
- Lenin was arrested and placed in Siberia
- After his release he escapes and leaves Russia
- Land Grabbing
- Leads armies and takes Chinese Land
- Russia faces Japan
- 300 Ships sent to the Sea of Japan
- Arrived in May 1905, but faces better Japanese Naval Forces
- Sank 200 of the ships in one battle
- Loss causes revolt
- Has 5 children: 4 girls and 1 boy
- The boy is a hemophiliac, he would bleed if cut
- Bloody Sunday
- A massive group of protesters marched to the Czar
- Had a petition
- Asked for peace with Japan
- A Representative Government
- Calmly Protesting
- Want food
- Want to counter inflation
- The guards were swift and resilient
- The October Manifesto
- The Czar signed a "Duma"
- Duma - Russian Parliament
- Created an assembly for people to vote
- Quickly repealed it all
- He still believed that the Romanovs had Divine Right to rule
- Entire family is assassinated by Lenin
- Heads into battle with his troops during World War One, leaving the Czarina in charge
- Rasputin:
- A mystic that was called to help Alexandria's son
- Became good friends with the Czarina
- Put Alexei into a trance, and cured him of the Hemorrhaging and Hemophilia
- Seen by others as a sex-crazed cancer
- While Nicholas was in battle his wife was in charge
- Assassination:
- Was called for a dinner with Boyars
- Was fed enough poison to kill 5 people but survived
- Shot multiple times, but survived again
- Was finally beat, then thrown into a frozen river
- Was found 3 days later still barely breathing
- Told the Czarina that if he dies they only have 6 months to rule
Revolution: 1917
- Nicholas lost support of the army, and police
- Plotting Revolution being plotted for over 100 years
- Massive Inflation caused people to starve
- The Duma gave Nicholas an Ultimatum
- He must give all power to the Duma
- Otherwise they will kill his family
- Tried to sign power to his son and brother, but did not
- Did not believe that he couldn't be the Czar of Russia
- Allows the Bolsheviks to take over power
- His family is trapped in their palace
- No European power wants to harbor the Czar's family
- Creates a Provisional Government
- Creates a constitution that gives the people many rights
- Run by Kerensky: Socialist ( Menschevik )
- Primary Goal: winning WWI
- People didn't care about winning WWI, they wanted Peace, Land, and Bread,
- Made up of Classical Liberals
- Lenin: Pinko-Communism
- Returns from Switzerland, supported by the Germans
- Leads a coup with Bolshevik Disciples
- Works with Trotsky,
- Promises peace, land and bread
- The people were under-equipped in a warm
- Their people are dying in the war
- War Communism:
- He takes the food from the peasants to fuel the Russians in the War
- 6 million peasants die
- Wanted to end War Communism after the War
- Dealing with the Czar's family
- Lenin sends the Czar and his family to Siberia
- He then has them lined up then killed, then burned